Zabbix 支持 TimescaleDB 作为 PostgreSQL 扩展，用于大规模时间序列数据。
TimescaleDB 不支持给 Zabbix Proxy 当数据库 ，只能给中心 zabbix-server 的 PostgreSQL 后端使用。
Zabbix 7.0.6 开始把 TimescaleDB 最大支持版本提升到 2.17.x，7.0.13 提升到 2.19.x。
使用 Docker Compose 部署 PostgreSQL
目录结构示例：
. ├── config # postgresql 等配置文件路径 │ ├── pg_hba.conf │ └── postgresql.conf ├── docker-compose.yaml ├── .env # 环境变量统一存储 ├── initdb # 数据库初始化 sql，只有在数据库为空的情况下才会执行 │ ├── 01-create-zabbix-user.sql │ ├── 02-create-timescaledb.sql │ └── 03-create-db.sql ├── postgres-data # Postgresql/scaledb 持久化数据 │ └── pgdata └── zabbix-data # zabbix 持久化数据 ├── alertscripts ├── enc ├── export ├── externalscripts └── ssl 10 directories, 6 files
.env 内容参考
.env TZ=Asia/Shanghai POSTGRES_DB=zabbix POSTGRES_USER=postgres POSTGRES_PASSWORD=ReplaceMe_SuperStrong_Zabbix ZABBIX_DB_USER=zabbix ZABBIX_DB_PASSWORD=ReplaceMe_SuperStrong_Zabbix PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata
initdb 中的初始化 SQL
initdb/01-create-zabbix-user.sql DO $$ BEGIN IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT FROM pg_catalog.pg_roles WHERE rolname = 'zabbix') THEN CREATE ROLE zabbix LOGIN PASSWORD 'ReplaceMe_SuperStrong_Zabbix'; END IF; END $$;
initdb/02-create-timescaledb.sql CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS timescaledb CASCADE;
initdb/03-create-db.sql GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE zabbix TO zabbix; ALTER DATABASE zabbix OWNER TO zabbix;
Postgresql 主配置 config/postgresql.conf
config/postgresql.conf listen_addresses = '*' port = 5432 max_connections = 200 shared_buffers = 8GB effective_cache_size = 24GB work_mem = 32MB maintenance_work_mem = 1GB wal_level = replica max_wal_size = 8GB min_wal_size = 1GB checkpoint_timeout = 15min checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9 wal_compression = on random_page_cost = 1.1 effective_io_concurrency = 200 default_statistics_target = 200 shared_preload_libraries = 'timescaledb' autovacuum = on autovacuum_max_workers = 5 autovacuum_naptime = 10s autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.02 autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.01 log_timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai' timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai' log_min_duration_statement = 1000 log_checkpoints = on log_connections = off log_disconnections = off log_lock_waits = on timescaledb.telemetry_level = off
config/pg_hba.conf 配置示例
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD local all all trust host all all 127.0.0.1/32 scram-sha-256 host all all ::1/128 scram-sha-256 # Docker 网段，仅示例 host zabbix zabbix 10.244.0.0/16 scram-sha-256 host zabbix zabbix 172.18.0.0/16 scram-sha-256 # 运维堡垒机 host all postgres 192.168.20.10/32 scram-sha-256
docker-compose.yaml 配置示例
docker-compose.yaml services: timescaledb: image: timescale/timescaledb:2.19.3-pg16 container_name: zabbix-timescaledb hostname: zabbix-timescaledb restart: unless-stopped env_file: - .env environment: TZ: ${TZ} POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB} POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER} POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD} ZABBIX_DB_USER: ${ZABBIX_DB_USER} ZABBIX_DB_PASSWORD: ${ZABBIX_DB_PASSWORD} PGDATA: ${PGDATA} POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS: "--auth-host=scram-sha-256 --auth-local=trust --data-checksums" ports: - "5432:5432" volumes: - ./postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data - ./initdb:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:ro - ./config/postgresql.conf:/etc/postgresql/postgresql.conf:ro - ./config/pg_hba.conf:/etc/postgresql/pg_hba.conf:ro - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro command: [ "postgres" , "-c" , "config_file=/etc/postgresql/postgresql.conf" , "-c" , "hba_file=/etc/postgresql/pg_hba.conf" ] healthcheck: test: ["CMD-SHELL" , "pg_isready -U ${POSTGRES_USER} -d ${POSTGRES_DB}" ] interval: 10s timeout: 5s retries: 12 ulimits: nofile: soft: 65536 hard: 65536 zabbix-server: image: zabbix/zabbix-server-pgsql:alpine-7.4-latest container_name: zabbix-server hostname: zabbix-server restart: unless-stopped env_file: - .env environment: TZ: ${TZ} DB_SERVER_HOST: timescaledb DB_SERVER_PORT: 5432 POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB} POSTGRES_USER: ${ZABBIX_DB_USER} POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${ZABBIX_DB_PASSWORD} ENABLE_TIMESCALEDB: "true" depends_on: timescaledb: condition: service_healthy ports: - "10051:10051" volumes: - ./zabbix-data/alertscripts:/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts:ro - ./zabbix-data/externalscripts:/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts:ro - ./zabbix-data/export:/var/lib/zabbix/export - ./zabbix-data/enc:/var/lib/zabbix/enc - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro zabbix-web: image: zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-pgsql:alpine-7.4-latest container_name: zabbix-web hostname: zabbix-web restart: unless-stopped env_file: - .env environment: DB_SERVER_HOST: timescaledb DB_SERVER_PORT: 5432 POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB} POSTGRES_USER: ${ZABBIX_DB_USER} POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${ZABBIX_DB_PASSWORD} ZBX_SERVER_HOST: zabbix-server PHP_TZ: ${TZ} depends_on: - zabbix-server ports: - "8080:8080" volumes: - ./zabbix-data/ssl:/etc/ssl/nginx:ro - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
常用操作 从 Zabbix Server 测试 Zabbix Agent 连通性 以下命令可以用于在 Zabbix Server 检查到 Zabbix Agent 的连通性，连接 Agent 正常会返回 1
docker compose exec -T zabbix-server zabbix_get -s 172.247.1.1 -p 10050 -k agent.ping
如果防火墙已经放通，却依然无法连接，很可能是 zabbix-agent2 配置中的 Server= 配置的 IP 不是 Zabbix Server 实际使用的 IP。此时可以通过 tcpdump 抓包确定请求 Zabbix Agent 的 Zabbix Server IP
# tcpdump -n dst port 10050 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v[v]... for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), snapshot length 262144 bytes 12:39:34.936583 IP 172.18.0.3.37688 > 172.247.2.14.10050: Flags [S], seq 1718798137, win 64240, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 2935844814 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0 12:39:35.946554 IP 172.18.0.3.37688 > 172.247.2.14.10050: Flags [S], seq 1718798137, win 64240, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 2935845824 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0